Seeds & Other Ingredients

Alfalfa, (Dehydrated): The leafy portion of alfalfa hay, that has been cut, ground and pelleted. There are other hay sources that may be used, such as Timothy, Orchard Grass, Coastal Bermuda, etc.
Anise Oil: Natural oil from the anise kernel. Excellent natural flavoring agent.
Anise Seed: Used for its seasoning (spice properties) for increased palatability.
Anise Seed (ground): Product obtained from grinding the whole anise seed.
Artificial Colors: These are colors approved for human food by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Only those with FDA identifying names/numbers are used.
Barley: The six-row barley is grown in the Northern Red River Valley and is used mainly in pigeon and specialty mixes. Excellent source of protein, carbohydrates and fiber.
Beans (Navy/Pinto/Red): Known as legumes. These seeds pack more protein than any other plant food, plus lots of fiber, B vitamins, zinc, complex carbohydrates, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron with very little fat. Grown in North Dakota, Minnesota, Colorado, Michigan and Canada.
Buckwheat: A triangular shaped, light brown to black in color and high in fiber and carbohydrates. Grown in North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota and Canada.
Canary Grass Seed: Small golden colored seeds prized by canaries, parakeets and finches for its very high protein content. Grown in Minnesota, Canada, Mexico, South America, Morocco and Turkey.
Canola: Encompasses all types of low erucic acid rapeseeds. Excellent protein source (37-38%) with a favorable balance of amino acids. Prized by Singing Canaries. Grown in Minnesota, North Dakota and Canada.
Cod Liver Oil: Oil obtained from the livers of godus morrhuae or other species of the family gadidae. Excellent source of Vitamin A and D and Omega-3 fatty acids.
Corn (Whole, Yellow, Flint, Dent, Pigeon Corn, Maize): A source of starch and carbohydrates. Grown widely throughout the U.S. Short season corn which is called Dent, has a harder kernel, preferred by pigeon breeders and fanciers. Grown in Northern Minnesota.
Corn-Cracked: The entire corn kernel ground or chopped and must not contain more than 4% foreign material.
Corn-Flaked: Obtained by running cracked corn (which has been aspirated and properly tempered) over smooth flaking rolls and subsequently dried, cooled and toasted.
Corn-Kibbled: Obtained by cooking crack corn under steam pressure and extruding.
Corn Cob-Ground: The product resulting from grinding the entire cob. Used primarily for absorbing moisture.
Corn Gluten Meal: The dried residue from corn, after the removal of the larger part of the starch and germ, and the separation of the bran. Used primarily as a source of highly digestible protein.
Corn-Ground (Corn Meal): The entire corn kernel ground or chopped.
Corn Oil: Obtained by pressure or chemical means from the corn kernel. Natural vegetable oil.
Cuttlebone: Excellent source of calcium and phosphorus. From the cuttle fish.
Dundicut Peppers, Round Peppers: These spicy seeds are eaten by larger Hookbills. Imported from India or Pakistan. Source of protein and fiber.
Eggs (Dried Egg Products): Whole eggs which have been dried. Must be free of egg shells and other foreign material. Very high in protein.
Eggs (Powdered): Whole eggs which have been dried. Must be free of egg shells and other foreign material. Very high in protein. Uniformly sized.
Fenugreek Seed: Used for its seasoning (spice properties). Also said to be a medicinal herb.
Fish Meal: The clean, dried and ground tissue of undecomposed whole fish or fish cuttings, either whole or both with or without the extraction of part of the oil. Many nutritionists have found that the amino acids in fish-type proteins have a better profile than those found in vegetable proteins. Processed to be free of bacteria and salmonella. High in protein.
Flax Seed (Linseed): Light to dark brown, oblong, flat seed. High in fat, protein and crude fiber. Improves feather and coat quality. Grown in Minnesota, North Dakota and Canada.
Fruits, Nuts & Vegetables:
(Dehydrated carrots, apples, papaya, pineapple, coconut, bananas, raisins)
Natural fruits, nuts and vegetables are sources of vitamins, enzymes, soluble fiber and natural sugars.

Fruits: All naturally dried, human-grade, low moisture content helps eliminate mold and bacteria growth.
Nuts: Whole or chopped, unprocessed, unsalted nuts. Free of chemical preservatives.
Vegetables: All naturally dried vegetables. Free of chemical preservatives. Also human-grade.
Kelp Meal (Dehydrated): Artificially dried seaweed of the families Laminariacae and Fucaeae. An excellent source of salt (NaC1), potassium (k) and iodine(I).
Legume: The Leguminous family comprised of plants such as lentils, peas, beans, peanuts, soybeans, alfalfa and clover. The plant has the ability to take nitrogen out of the air and convert it for its own use. Also produces nodules underground which contain rhizobacteria that produces nitrogen which helps replenish ground source nitrogen. (Nitrogen is converted to protein).
Lentils: Also a legume used for human food mainly in soups. These seeds pack more protein than any other plant food, plus lots of fiber, B-Vitamins, zinc, complex carbohydrates, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron and low in fat. Grown in North Dakota, Colorado, Minnesota, Idaho, Washington and Canada.
Lettuce: Small elongated white or black colored seed. These seeds look very similar to Nyjer® seed*. High in protein and carbohydrates.

*Nyjer® has been sterilized to help prevent germination. Nyjer® is a registered trademark of the Wild Bird Feeding Industry.

Macaroni, clear elbow, clear shell, tri-color rotini (semolina): Human-grade. Excellent source of carbohydrates. Low in fat. Eaten readily when cooked by all small and large Hookbills.
Milk Protein (Dried): The protein from milk which has had the fat removed.
Millet, Golden German (finch): A small, round golden grain prized by Finches. High in fiber. Medium protein. Low in fat. Grown in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Colorado.
Millet, Red Proso: A small, round red grain prized by Parakeets, as well as, smaller outdoor birds. High in fiber. Medium protein. Low in fat. Grown in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Minnesota.
Millet, Siberian: Very small orange/red seeds prized by small birds, such as Canaries and Finches. High in fiber. Medium protein. Low in fat. Grown in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado and Minnesota.
Millet, White Proso: A small, round white or cream colored grain. High in fiber. Medium protein. Low in fat. Prized by Parakeets, as well as, smaller outdoor birds.
Millet, White Wonder (finch): A small round, yellow/white grain prized by Finches. High in fiber. Medium protein. Low in fat. Grown in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska and Colorado.
Milo, Red: High in fiber. Used in hamster and gerbil mixes. Grown in Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado.
Milo, White Kafir: High in protein and lower in fat than corn. Used in some special Pigeon breeder blends.
Molasses (Cane): Is a byproduct of the manufacture of sucrose from sugar cane.
Nyjer® Seed*, Thistle (Sterilized): Very small black seeds used for edible oil in foreign countries. Prized by outdoor birds, such as Pine Siskins, American Gold Finches and Doves. Imported from Nigeria, Ethiopia, Burma, Nepal and India.

*Nyjer® has been sterilized to help prevent germination. Nyjer® is a registered trademark of the Wild Bird Feeding Industry.

Nuts: Sources of protein, fat and fiber. Also provides exercise and variety in the diet of large Hookbills and small animals.
Oats, Groats: Cleaned whole oats with the hulls removed. High in soluble fiber. Grown and processed in South Dakota and Manitoba, Canada.
Oats, Steel Cut: Oat Groats that are “cut” to uniform size. High in soluble fiber.
Oats (ground): Material obtained when whole oats are ground.
Hulled Pumpkin Seed: Shelled inner portion of the pumpkin seed.
Peanuts, Raw Inshell (Ground Nuts): Also a legume. Prized by larger birds for its protein and carbohydrates. Very high in fat. (see Legume). Grown in New Mexico, Carolinas, Texas and Georgia.
Peanuts, Raw Shelled: Obtained by the mechanical shelling of inshell peanuts. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. High in fat. Prized by small animals and wild birds, such as Nuthatches and Blue Jays.
Peas, Austrian Winter : 1/4″ – 5/16″ round green pea with dark speckles. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. Low in fat. Mainly used in Pigeon feed formulas. Grown in Idaho and Washington. (See legume).
Peas, Dehydrated Green: A green, shelled garden pea. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. Low in fat.
Peas, Smooth Green: 3/8″ round, light to dark green in color. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. Low in fat. Used in special Pigeon mixes. Grown in Idaho, Washington, and Manitoba, Canada. (See legume).
Peas, Split/Green: Whole smooth green peas split with hulls removed. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. Low in fat. (See legume).
Peas, Split/Yellow: Whole yellow peas split with hulls removed. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. Low in fat. Mainly used as human food for soup. Used in Specialty mixes. Processed in Idaho, Washington and Manitoba, Canada. (See legume).
Peas, Trapper/Canadian: A variety of whole yellow peas, also can be referred to as “Whole Yellows.” A legume. A 3/ 8″ round cream colored seed. Good source of protein and carbohydrates. Low in fat. Grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Manitoba, Canada. (See legume).
Pumpkin Seeds: Large white, flat seed. High in zinc.
Rapeseed (Canola): High in protein. Used in Canary mixes for song birds, also used in outdoor Finch blends. (See Canola).
Rice Bran: Is the bran layer and germ of the rice. Rice is an excellent source of carbohydrates. Rice is highly digestible, considered the least allergic grain and is essential in pet food for superior palatability.
Rice, Brown: An excellent source of carbohydrates, protein and fiber. Rice is highly digestible, considered the least allergic grain and is essential in pet food for superior palatability.
Roughage Products: A general term used for products such as beet pulp, buckwheat hulls, corn cob fractions, oat hulls, sunflower hulls, etc. High in crude fiber.
Safflower: The white kernel of the safflower plant. Source of protein, carbohydrates and fat. Also cherished by wild birds such as Cardinals. Grown in Idaho, Montana, California, Nebraska, Arizona and North Dakota.
Sesame Seed: Small cream colored seed. Source of protein and fat.
Soy Musca: This produce consists of dried sterilized insect larvae on a base of pure soy flour. Extra rich natural protein.
Soybean Meal: The product obtained by grinding the chips which remain after removal of most of the oil from the soybeans. Source of vegetable protein.
Soybean Oil: Is extracted from hulled or whole soybeans by mechanical or chemical means. Natural source of vegetable oil used to promote good appearance (feathers and coat).
Soybeans (Whole/Extruded): A product resulting from heating whole soybeans without removing the oil. The heat process removes the trypsin growth inhibitor while leaving the entire soybean intact, thus providing a high-protein, high-energy supplement.
Spirulina: A naturally occurring food source. Also referred to as blue-green algae. This product comes from the sea and is a concentrated source of vitamins and trace minerals.
Squash Seed: Smaller than pumpkin seed, varies from off white to “dirty” gray color. High in mineral content.
Spray Millet: Finch millets that are spaced when planted produce a 8-12 inch “head” which is harvested and dried. The natural seeds are cherished by all birds. Used as a treat and toys.
Sunflower (California Grey): A grey and white striped (mostly white) seed. Source of carbohydrates and fat. Used in many specialty Parrot mixes in Florida and California. Thought to have substantially less fat than the Black Striped sunflower. Grown in California.
Sunflowers, Gray Striped
(black striped, large, medium, jumbo, striped sunflowers):
A black and white striped seed used primarily for human food (roasted or raw kernels). Source of carbohydrates and fat. Grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, Kansas, Colorado and Texas.
Sunflower Meal: An ingredient obtained by grinding the sunflower meat after removing the oil. Excellent nutrient base.
Sunflowers, Oil (oilers, black oil): Small black seeds primarily used for human grades of edible oil. However, the whole seeds are very palatable to birds. Birds will hull the seed and extract the inside kernel. Used in caged bird, small animal and wild bird food mixes. Source of carbohydrates and fat. Grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas and Canada.
Wheat (Dark Northern Spring): The finest and highest in protein wheat used mainly in the baking industry. Good source of protein, carbohydrates and wheat germ.
Wheat Bran: Is the course outer covering of the wheat kernel as separated from cleaned and scoured wheat. Good source of protein, carbohydrates and fiber.
Wheat Flour: Whole wheat ground into a fine fiber.
Wheat Germ: The germ portion of whole wheat which is high in protein (meal form) and high in natural Vitamin E (in oil form).
Wheat Middlings: Fine particles of wheat flour, wheat germ, and wheat bran left over during the manufacture and grinding of whole wheat.
Whey: The product obtained as a fluid by separating the coagulum from milk, cream or skimmed milk and from which a portion of the milk fat may have been removed.
Whey (Dried): The product obtained by removing water from whey (milk protein source).
Yeast (Brewer’s Dried): A high protein yeast byproduct which will not ferment. A natural source of B-Complex Vitamins.
Yeast Culture: Is the dried product composed of yeast and the media on which it was grown. Dried in such a manner as to preserve the fermenting activity of the yeast. A natural source of B-complex vitamins and provides a growth media for beneficial bacteria.